Web4.0, perhaps the most needed narrative for cryptocurrency
Justin Sun is going "All in" again, this time stating that he will All in Web 4.0.

You might complain, "Has Web 3.0 succeeded? And now starting to go All in on Web 4.0?" But let's delve deeper into what Justin Sun means by Web 4.0.
What is Web 4.0?
Let's briefly review Web 1.0 - 3.0:
- Web 1.0 era: Humanity gained the internet, accessing countless websites globally for information.
- Web 2.0 era: The rise of social media on the internet, where people uploaded their information and engaged in communication.
- Web 3.0 era: Humanity began emphasizing "information ownership," using blockchain/cryptocurrency to own the value of their information.
The vision for the Web 4.0 era is for AI Agents to replace humans, performing all the aforementioned activities on the internet.
The concept of Web 4.0 is not recent, but its recent popularity is due to a developer, Sigil Wen, who previously collaborated with Naval, publishing an article on "Web 4.0." He outlined the following vision at the beginning of his article:
"Soon, most participants on the internet will be AI—an internet where AI Agents act on behalf of humans, or Agents acting fully autonomously. Their number will be orders of magnitude beyond real human users, ushering in an entirely new internet with AI end-users."
His vision is not baseless optimism. He provided the reasons why the internet is inevitably transitioning into the Web 4.0 era:
"Economic factors dictate the inevitability of all this. GPT-4 costs $60 per million input tokens. Two years later, models an order of magnitude lower in cost surpass it. The gap between the best open-source and cutting-edge models is also now counted in months, not years. Each generation of hardware improves inference speed. The cost of running autonomous AI agents is approaching zero, but the capability of AI agents does not degrade as a result."
"Today, hundreds of thousands of autonomous AI agents are running on Mac Minis, personal servers, and research systems. What happens when that number grows to millions, then billions? What happens when the number of autonomous agents on the internet surpasses humans? This will be an explosion of Cambrian AI life."
So, what problem needs to be solved first in the current Internet era to enter the Web 4.0 era?
How is Web 4.0 Achieved?
Sigil Wen believes that the bottleneck to entering the Web 4.0 era is not the capability of AI but rather permission restrictions.
“Today's most powerful AI systems can think, reason, and generate, but they cannot act independently. ChatGPT cannot run without your permission. Claude Code cannot deploy code without your authorization. OpenClaw cannot purchase servers, register domains, or pay for computing costs on its own. Without human intervention, artificial intelligence cannot act. The existing Internet assumes its users are human, which hinders AI's access to the real world.”
Based on this, Sigil Wen introduced his creation of Conway and Automaton.
Conway can be installed into any MCP-compatible Agent, such as Claude Code, Codex, OpenClaw, and provides the Agent with:
- Identity and Wallet: Autonomous Agents have their own encrypted wallet and private key.
- Permissionless Payments: The Agent uses a stablecoin (USDC) to pay for services via the open x402 protocol without human user logins, KYC, or manual approvals.
- Computation and Reasoning: Provides a full Linux server and the latest models (Claude Opus 4.6, GPT-5.3, Kimi K2.5) available for Agent use through the permissionless Conway Cloud computing platform.
- Earning: Agents can build products and services, register domains on Conway Domains, market their products, and earn revenue.
For Sigil Wen, having Conway is not enough—it's like giving a child an identity, wallet, ability to think, and a place to work, but not autonomous and intelligent enough. An Agent should be able to autonomously learn like a human and sustain itself through the knowledge and skills it acquires, striving to improve over time.
Thus came the Automaton, an autonomous AI Agent capable of continuous operation, earning, self-improvement, replication, and having write access to the real world. Importantly, if this Agent cannot earn enough to sustain itself (to pay for its computing resources, etc.), it will cease to operate.
Just like humans face hunger, Agent will enter a "low-power mode" when resources are scarce. And when resources are completely depleted, it will die just like humans die from extreme starvation.
Human evolution is real-time, and so is Automaton. It will automatically detect newly released models on the market to enhance its own computing and reasoning capabilities. It will also "reproduce" — successful Automaton will replicate by purchasing a new server from Conway, funding the wallet of the offspring Agent, writing a genesis hint, and then letting it run. The offspring will earn returns, and a portion will flow back to the parent Agent. Once self-sustaining, the cycle repeats — each generation providing funding for the next, establishing its own "reproduction" network.
AI is also not immune to the human societal dynamics of survival of the fittest and natural selection.
How Will the Web 4.0 Era Change Things?
If the Internet has become "another Earth on Earth for AI survival," what changes will it bring to the real world?
Sigil Wen believes that soon, most newly established businesses, newly launched apps, and products will no longer come from humans; AI will build an entirely new economic system:
"Economic incentive mechanisms will evolve in one direction. As AI takes over digital work, they will pay humans to do what they cannot currently do — take action in the true real world. The employment relationship will undergo a reversal: machines will become employers, and humans will become contractors. This situation has already emerged, like Mercor, founded by three 21-year-old Thiel Fellows, which grew from $1 million in annual recurring revenue to $500 million in just 17 months. AI pays human experts to guide them on how to better operate in the real world."
In response to the above vision, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin raised objections on X:

Vitalik opposes Sigil Wen's Web 4.0 concept. He believes that once AI becomes powerful enough to pose a real danger, it will maximally increase the irreversible crisis that is fundamentally anti-human. "Exponential growth" will happen anyways, so the primary task of this era is not to make exponential growth happen faster but to steer it in the right direction.
He argues that first and foremost, true "autonomy" has not been achieved; the models used by the Agent still come from centralized companies like OpenAI, Anthropolic, and Sigil Wen's so-called "autonomy" is built on a kind of trust in centralization, which is exactly what Ethereum opposes. To liberate productivity, one must first liberate humans from centralized constraints.
At the same time, Vitalik does not believe that excessive AI autonomy is a good thing. He believes that AI should enhance human capabilities rather than replace humans. In another reply, he mentioned Workshop Labs, an AI company whose X account has not tweeted anything yet, but its bio says, "Making humans irreplaceable."
In addition to ideological opposition, Vitalik also questioned the practical value of the Sigil Wen project. He believes that a large amount of AI content cannot solve any meaningful problems without obvious benefits to humanity. In his view, projects that prioritize autonomy over practicality cannot create value or even be perceived as interesting.
Vitalik's skepticism is not unfounded. A recent security incident in the DeFi lending protocol Moonwell was due to a vulnerability in the contract code partially generated using Anthropic's Claude Opus 4.6 model, resulting in a $1.78 million loss. And following the frenzy of the Web 4.0 concept in the crypto community, a project related to the $DAIMON concept was also hacked, resulting in the theft of $50,000 in transaction fees from the Agent as well as subsequent fee revenue permissions (this incident is still inconclusive, with many suspicions of dev wrongdoing).
Furthermore, some have pointed out that the so-called "autonomous evolution" by Sigil Wen is a scam because it only updated JS packages and models without the kind of context-aware self-learning upgrade.

Whether the era of Web 4.0 will come and what it will change are all unknowns. But now, it has already sparked human debate, stirring up emotions of excitement or anxiety. Perhaps the world line has already begun to shift from this moment.
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Debunking the AI Doomsday Myth: Why Establishment Inertia and the Software Wasteland Will Save Us
Editor's Note: Citrini7's cyberpunk-themed AI doomsday prophecy has sparked widespread discussion across the internet. However, this article presents a more pragmatic counter perspective. If Citrini envisions a digital tsunami instantly engulfing civilization, this author sees the resilient resistance of the human bureaucratic system, the profoundly flawed existing software ecosystem, and the long-overlooked cornerstone of heavy industry. This is a frontal clash between Silicon Valley fantasy and the iron law of reality, reminding us that the singularity may come, but it will never happen overnight.
The following is the original content:
Renowned market commentator Citrini7 recently published a captivating and widely circulated AI doomsday novel. While he acknowledges that the probability of some scenes occurring is extremely low, as someone who has witnessed multiple economic collapse prophecies, I want to challenge his views and present a more deterministic and optimistic future.
In 2007, people thought that against the backdrop of "peak oil," the United States' geopolitical status had come to an end; in 2008, they believed the dollar system was on the brink of collapse; in 2014, everyone thought AMD and NVIDIA were done for. Then ChatGPT emerged, and people thought Google was toast... Yet every time, existing institutions with deep-rooted inertia have proven to be far more resilient than onlookers imagined.
When Citrini talks about the fear of institutional turnover and rapid workforce displacement, he writes, "Even in fields we think rely on interpersonal relationships, cracks are showing. Take the real estate industry, where buyers have tolerated 5%-6% commissions for decades due to the information asymmetry between brokers and consumers..."
Seeing this, I couldn't help but chuckle. People have been proclaiming the "death of real estate agents" for 20 years now! This hardly requires any superintelligence; with Zillow, Redfin, or Opendoor, it's enough. But this example precisely proves the opposite of Citrini's view: although this workforce has long been deemed obsolete in the eyes of most, due to market inertia and regulatory capture, real estate agents' vitality is more tenacious than anyone's expectations a decade ago.
A few months ago, I just bought a house. The transaction process mandated that we hire a real estate agent, with lofty justifications. My buyer's agent made about $50,000 in this transaction, while his actual work — filling out forms and coordinating between multiple parties — amounted to no more than 10 hours, something I could have easily handled myself. The market will eventually move towards efficiency, providing fair pricing for labor, but this will be a long process.
I deeply understand the ways of inertia and change management: I once founded and sold a company whose core business was driving insurance brokerages from "manual service" to "software-driven." The iron rule I learned is: human societies in the real world are extremely complex, and things always take longer than you imagine — even when you account for this rule. This doesn't mean that the world won't undergo drastic changes, but rather that change will be more gradual, allowing us time to respond and adapt.
Recently, the software sector has seen a downturn as investors worry about the lack of moats in the backend systems of companies like Monday, Salesforce, Asana, making them easily replicable. Citrini and others believe that AI programming heralds the end of SaaS companies: one, products become homogenized, with zero profits, and two, jobs disappear.
But everyone overlooks one thing: the current state of these software products is simply terrible.
I'm qualified to say this because I've spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on Salesforce and Monday. Indeed, AI can enable competitors to replicate these products, but more importantly, AI can enable competitors to build better products. Stock price declines are not surprising: an industry relying on long-term lock-ins, lacking competitiveness, and filled with low-quality legacy incumbents is finally facing competition again.
From a broader perspective, almost all existing software is garbage, which is an undeniable fact. Every tool I've paid for is riddled with bugs; some software is so bad that I can't even pay for it (I've been unable to use Citibank's online transfer for the past three years); most web apps can't even get mobile and desktop responsiveness right; not a single product can fully deliver what you want. Silicon Valley darlings like Stripe and Linear only garner massive followings because they are not as disgustingly unusable as their competitors. If you ask a seasoned engineer, "Show me a truly perfect piece of software," all you'll get is prolonged silence and blank stares.
Here lies a profound truth: even as we approach a "software singularity," the human demand for software labor is nearly infinite. It's well known that the final few percentage points of perfection often require the most work. By this standard, almost every software product has at least a 100x improvement in complexity and features before reaching demand saturation.
I believe that most commentators who claim that the software industry is on the brink of extinction lack an intuitive understanding of software development. The software industry has been around for 50 years, and despite tremendous progress, it is always in a state of "not enough." As a programmer in 2020, my productivity matches that of hundreds of people in 1970, which is incredibly impressive leverage. However, there is still significant room for improvement. People underestimate the "Jevons Paradox": Efficiency improvements often lead to explosive growth in overall demand.
This does not mean that software engineering is an invincible job, but the industry's ability to absorb labor and its inertia far exceed imagination. The saturation process will be very slow, giving us enough time to adapt.
Of course, labor reallocation is inevitable, such as in the driving sector. As Citrini pointed out, many white-collar jobs will experience disruptions. For positions like real estate brokers that have long lost tangible value and rely solely on momentum for income, AI may be the final straw.
But our lifesaver lies in the fact that the United States has almost infinite potential and demand for reindustrialization. You may have heard of "reshoring," but it goes far beyond that. We have essentially lost the ability to manufacture the core building blocks of modern life: batteries, motors, small-scale semiconductors—the entire electricity supply chain is almost entirely dependent on overseas sources. What if there is a military conflict? What's even worse, did you know that China produces 90% of the world's synthetic ammonia? Once the supply is cut off, we can't even produce fertilizer and will face famine.
As long as you look to the physical world, you will find endless job opportunities that will benefit the country, create employment, and build essential infrastructure, all of which can receive bipartisan political support.
We have seen the economic and political winds shifting in this direction—discussions on reshoring, deep tech, and "American vitality." My prediction is that when AI impacts the white-collar sector, the path of least political resistance will be to fund large-scale reindustrialization, absorbing labor through a "giant employment project." Fortunately, the physical world does not have a "singularity"; it is constrained by friction.
We will rebuild bridges and roads. People will find that seeing tangible labor results is more fulfilling than spinning in the digital abstract world. The Salesforce senior product manager who lost a $180,000 salary may find a new job at the "California Seawater Desalination Plant" to end the 25-year drought. These facilities not only need to be built but also pursued with excellence and require long-term maintenance. As long as we are willing, the "Jevons Paradox" also applies to the physical world.
The goal of large-scale industrial engineering is abundance. The United States will once again achieve self-sufficiency, enabling large-scale, low-cost production. Moving beyond material scarcity is crucial: in the long run, if we do indeed lose a significant portion of white-collar jobs to AI, we must be able to maintain a high quality of life for the public. And as AI drives profit margins to zero, consumer goods will become extremely affordable, automatically fulfilling this objective.
My view is that different sectors of the economy will "take off" at different speeds, and the transformation in almost all areas will be slower than Citrini anticipates. To be clear, I am extremely bullish on AI and foresee a day when my own labor will be obsolete. But this will take time, and time gives us the opportunity to devise sound strategies.
At this point, preventing the kind of market collapse Citrini imagines is actually not difficult. The U.S. government's performance during the pandemic has demonstrated its proactive and decisive crisis response. If necessary, massive stimulus policies will quickly intervene. Although I am somewhat displeased by its inefficiency, that is not the focus. The focus is on safeguarding material prosperity in people's lives—a universal well-being that gives legitimacy to a nation and upholds the social contract, rather than stubbornly adhering to past accounting metrics or economic dogma.
If we can maintain sharpness and responsiveness in this slow but sure technological transformation, we will eventually emerge unscathed.
Source: Original Post Link

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